Studi Pemanfaatan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) dan Pemupukan Fosfor Alami Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Biomassa Tanaman Pegagan (Centella asiatica L. Urban)
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Biomassa, Fungi mikoriza arbuskula, Pegagan, Pertumbuhan, Pupuk P alami
Abstract
Fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) sebagai agensia hayati pada beberapa jenis tanaman saat ini mulai banyak mendapat perhatian, karena kemampuannya dalam bersimbiosis dengan berbagai jenis tanaman, dan membantu tanaman dalam meningkatkan penyerapan unsur hara, serta memperbaiki kualitas hasil. Dewasa ini, penting artinya mendapatkan bahan alternatif yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber fosfor (P) yang harganya murah, aman bagi lingkungan, dan mudah tersedia. Batuan fosfat dan tepung tulang sapi merupakan jenis bahan alami yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber P alternatif yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan biomassa tanaman pegagan. Percobaan rumah kaca dilaksanakan dengan tujuan menguji efektivitas FMA pada jenis dan dosis pupuk P alami terhadap pertumbuhan dan biomassa tanaman pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban). Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang disusun secara faktorial. Faktor pertama ialah perlakuan FMA (inokulasi FMA dan tanpa FMA). Faktor kedua ialah dosis pupuk P alami (4 taraf dosis batuan fosfat 150, 300, 450, 600 kg ha-1 dan 4 taraf dosis tepung tulang sapi 125, 250, 375, 500 kg ha-1 serta perlakuan kontrol/tanpa pemupukan), yang diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan inokulasi FMA nyata meningkatkan jumlah daun, jumlah stolon, luas daun, bobot segar dan bobot kering biomassa tanaman pegagan. Demikian pula Pupuk P alami nyata meningkatkan jumlah daun, luas daun, bobot segar dan bobot kering biomassa tanaman pegagan. Perlakuan FMA dan pupuk P alami tidak saling berinteraksi terhadap peubah pertumbuhan dan biomassa tanaman pegagan.
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