Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Enhances Phenolic, Flavonoid, and Antioxidant Profiles of Spatholobus littoralis Roots
Abstract
Spatholobus littoralis Hassk. roots contain antioxidant-related compounds whose recovery may be influenced by extraction method and solvent polarity. This study compared ultrasound-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol to evaluate their effects on total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and DPPH radical-scavenging activity. Among the tested conditions, 96% ethanol combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction produced the highest phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity, with values of 89.33 mg GAE/g, 40.10 mg QE/g, and IC₅₀ 72.27 µg/mL, respectively. Strong negative correlations were observed between DPPH IC₅₀ and both total phenolic content (r = −0.961) and total flavonoid content (r = −0.941). These findings indicate that ultrasound-assisted extraction with 96% ethanol was the most effective condition for obtaining antioxidant-rich S. littoralis root extract in this study.
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References
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