Determination of Sun Protection Factor and Total Phenolic Content of Extract and Fraction of Matoa Leaves (Pometia pinnata)
Article Sidebar
-
Fraction, Total phenolic content, Pometia pinnata, Sun Protection Factor
Abstract
Matoa leaves (Pometia pinnata J.R. & G. Forst) are known to contain phenolic compounds with potential as natural sunscreen agents due to their ultraviolet (UV) absorption capabilities. The presence of conjugated double bonds or aromatic rings in these compounds allows absorption in the 200–400 nm wavelength range, making them suitable candidates for photoprotection. This study aimed to evaluate the sun protection factor (SPF)—a measure of a substance’s ability to protect the skin against UVB radiation—and total phenolic content of the extract and fraction derived from matoa leaves. Extraction was performed using Soxhlet apparatus with 70% ethanol, followed by liquid–liquid partitioning to obtain fractions. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while SPF was evaluated using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer in the 290–320 nm range at 5 nm intervals. The total phenolic contents of the ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction were 50.51 ± 0.18 mg GAE/g and 39.27 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g, respectively. The SPF values were 19.60 ± 0.11 for the ethanolic extract and 16.37 ± 0.80 for the ethyl acetate fraction. These findings suggest that the extract and fraction of matoa leaves exhibit SPF values within the ultra-protection category, indicating their potential as natural sunscreen agents.
Full text article
References
Abubakar, A. R., & Haque, M. (2020). Preparation of medicinal plants: Basic extraction and fractionation procedures for experimental purposes. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 12(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_175_19
Adawiyah, R. (2019). Penentuan nilai sun protection factor secara in vitro pada ekstrak etanol akar kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris Bedd) dengan metode spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Jurnal Surya Medika, 4(2), 26–31.
Almeida, W. A. da S., Antunes, A. dos S., Penido, R. G., Correa, H. S. da G., Nascimento, A. M. do, Andrade, Â. L., Santos, V. R., Cazati, T., Amparo, T. R., Souza, G. H. B. de, Freitas, K. M., Santos, O. D. H. dos, Sousa, L. R. D., & Santos, V. M. R. dos. (2019). Photoprotective activity and increase of SPF in sunscreen formulation using lyophilized red propolis extracts from Alagoas. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 29(3), 373–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2019.02.003
Alviola Bani, A., Amin, A., Mun’im, A., & Radji, M. (2023). Rasio nilai rendemen dan lama ekstraksi maserat etanol daging buah burahol (Stelecocharpus burahol) berdasarkan cara preparasi simplisia. Makassar Natural Product Journal, 1(3), 2023–2176. https://journal.farmasi.umi.ac.id/index.php/mnpj
Apel, C., Tang, J., & Ebinghaus, R. (2018). Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas. Environmental Pollution, 235, 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.051
Ashari, S. N., Pramesti, H. H., Fitriana, I., & Rohmani, S. (2020). Potensi Senyawa Flavonoid dalam Tanaman sebagai Lotion Tabir Surya. National Conference PKM Center Sebelas MAret University, 1(1), 164–168.
Boeing, J. S., Barizão, É. O., e Silva, B. C., Montanher, P. F., de Cinque Almeida, V., & Visentainer, J. V. (2014). Evaluation of solvent effect on the extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities from the berries: Application of principal component analysis. Chemistry Central Journal, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-014-0048-1
Carvalho, P. G., Naveira, R. I., Granone, L. I., Mendive, C. B., Massa, A. E., & Churio, M. S. (2023). A comparative review of natural and synthetic UV filters: Gadusol and benzophenone-3 as representative examples. Environmental Advances, 13, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2023.100404
Dewi, N. P. H., Ratnayanti, I. G. A. D., Arijana, I. G. K. N., & Linawati, N. M. (2019). Effect of single clove garlic on clinical symptoms of photoaging in wistar rats exposed with UV-B. Bali Anatomy Journal, 2(2), 40–44. https://doi.org/10.36675/baj.v2i2.28
Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., Enayatifard, R., Khalili, M., Ghaffarloo, M., Saeedi, M., & Charati, J. Y. (2014). Correlation between Sun Protection Factor and Antioxidant Activity, Phenol and Flavonoid Contents of some Medicinal Plants. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(3), 1041–1047.
Hatami, T., Ahmad Emami, S., Shahram Miraghaee, S., & Mojarrab, M. (2014). Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Different Extracts and Fractions from the Aerial Parts of Artemisia biennis Willd. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(2), 551–558.
He, hailun, Li, anqi, Li, shiqin, Tang, jie, Li, li, & Xiong, lidan. (2021). Natural components in sunscreens: Topical formulations with sun protection factor (SPF). Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 134(111161), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111161
Hikmawanti, N. P. E., Fatmawati, S., & Asri, A. W. (2021). The effect of ethanol concentrations as the extraction solvent on antioxidant activity of Katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.) leaves extracts. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 755(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/755/1/012060
Islami, D., Anggraini, L., & Wardaniati, I. (2021). Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Skrining Fitokimia dari Ekstrak Daun Matoa Pometia pinnata. Jurnal Farmasi Higea, 13(1), 30–35.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2017). Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi II.
Kera, N. H., Pillai, S. K., & Ray, S. S. (2024). Inorganic Ultraviolet Filters in Sunscreen Products. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64114-5
Kurnianto, E., & Rahman, I. R. (2021). Potensi tabirsurya ekstrak etanol daun matoa (Pometia pinnata) dengna variasi konsentrasi pelarut. Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi Dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.36387/jiis.v7i1.835
Martínez, S., Fuentes, C., & Carballo, J. (2022). Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content and Total Flavonoid Content in Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) Cultivars Grown in Northwest Spain under Different Environmental Conditions. Foods, 11(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11213519
Martiningsih, N. W., Widana, G. A. B., & Kristiyanti, P. L. P. (2016). Skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun matoa (Pometia pinnata) dengan metode DPPH. Prosiding Seminar Nasional MIPA, 332–338.
Mohammed, E. A., Abdalla, I. G., Alfawaz, M. A., Mohammed, M. A., Al Maiman, S. A., Osman, M. A., Yagoub, A. E. G. A., & Hassan, A. B. (2022). Effects of Extraction Solvents on the Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, and Antioxidant Activity in the Aerial Part of Root Vegetables. Agriculture (Switzerland), 12(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111820
Nopiyanti, V., & Aisiyah, S. (2020). Uji penentuan nilai SPF (Sun Protection Factor) fraksi bunga rosela (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) sebagai zat aktif tabir surya. Journal of Pharmacy, 9(1), 2656–8950.
Rahmawati, Muflihunna, A., & Amalia, M. (2018). Analisis aktivitas perlindungan sinar UV sari buah sirsak (Annona muricata L.) berdasarkan nilai sun protection factor (SPF) secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 5(2), 284–288. www.jurnal.farmasi.umi.ac.id/index.php/fitofarmakaindonesia
Resende, D. I. S. P., Jesus, A., Sousa Lobo, J. M., Sousa, E., Cruz, M. T., Cidade, H., & Almeida, I. F. (2022). Up-to-Date Overview of the Use of Natural Ingredients in Sunscreens. Pharmaceuticals, 15(3), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15030372
Roskiana Ahmad, A., Afrianty Daniya Ratulangi, S., & Malik, A. (2015). Penetapan Kadar Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Metanol Buah dan Daun Patikala (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M.SM). Pharm. Sci. Res., 2(1), 1–10.
Rossalinda, R., Wijayanti, F., & Iskandar, D. (2021). Effectiveness of Matoa Leaf (Pometia pinnata) Extract as an Antibacterial Staphylococcus epidermidis. Stannum : Jurnal Sains Dan Terapan Kimia, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.33019/jstk.v3i1.2133
Soleimani, S., Yousefzadi, M., Babaei Mahani Nezhad, S., Pozharitskaya, O. N., & Shikov, A. N. (2023). Potential of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Padina boergesenii as a Natural UV Filter in Sunscreen Cream Formulation. Life, 13(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010239
Sridhar, A., Ponnuchamy, M., Kumar, P. S., Kapoor, A., Vo, D. V. N., & Prabhakar, S. (2021). Techniques and modeling of polyphenol extraction from food: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19(4), 3409–3443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01217-8
Torres-Contreras, A. M., Garcia-Baeza, A., Vidal-Limon, H. R., Balderas-Renteria, I., Ramírez-Cabrera, M. A., & Ramirez-Estrada, K. (2022). Plant Secondary Metabolites against Skin Photodamage: Mexican Plants, a Potential Source of UV-Radiation Protectant Molecules. Plants, 11(2), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11020220
Umborowati, M. A., & Rahmadewi. (2014). Studi Retrospektif: Diagnosis dan Terapi Pasien Melasma. Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit & Kelamin, 26(1), 56–63.
Yuliani, C. R., Ramadhan, H., Sayakti, I., Torizellia, C., Tinggi, S., Kesehatan, I., & Lestari, B. (2022). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of n-hexane fraction in binjai leaves (Mangifera caesia Jack. ex. Wall). Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi (Scientific Journal of Pharmacy) Special Edition, 11–19. http://journal.uii.ac.id/index.php/JIF
Authors
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Copyright @2017. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium