Journal Title : Jurnal Jamu Indonesia (JJI) or Indonesian Journal of Jamu Abbreviation : JJI Scope : Herbal Medicine Type of manuscript : Research papers, short communications and review articles Frequency : Starting in 2026 JJI is published six times a year (February, April, June, August, October, and December) DOI : 10.29244/v10i1 Print ISSN : 2407-7178 Online ISSN : 2407-7763 Publisher : TropBRC IPB University Language : Starting from Volume 11 in 2026, all manuscripts must be written in English. Authors may submit in Bahasa Indonesian; however, if accepted, the manuscript will be subject to a translation fee handled by the JJI language editorial team. Indexing : Sinta 2, Google Scholar Open Access Policy : CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Preservation Archiving : PKP PN Jurnal Jamu Indonesia (JJI) or Indonesian Journal of Jamu is dedicated to the exchange of information and widespread scientific understanding regarding the development of the world of herbal medicine through the publication of scientific papers. The themes of scientific papers within the scope of JJI include the theme of herbal medicine research from upstream to downstream which is not limited to ethnobotanical research and local knowledge, exploration, conservation, domestication of biological resources related to herbal medicine, variety breeding, development of Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP) for herbal medicine raw materials, development of standards for raw materials and herbal medicine products, development of herbal medicine products, identification of active compounds and their synthesis, working mechanisms for the bioactivity of herbal medicine formulas, social and economic aspects related to the development of herbal medicine.
Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University
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Formulation of Antioxidant Cream from Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) Seed Coat Extract
The skin is the body’s primary barrier against free radicals, which can induce oxidative stress and premature ageing. Antioxidants neutralize these radicals. This study aims to formulate and evaluate a cream containing ethanol extract of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seed coat. Four formulations were prepared with extract concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Physical evaluations included organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, cream type, spreadability, and adhesiveness. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method. All formulations met physical standards, and formula F4 (25%) showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 79.49 ppm. These findings indicate the potential of mung bean seed coat extract as an active antioxidant agent in topical preparations.
LC-MS/MS Profiling and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Red Onion (Allium cepa L. var. Bima Brebes) Extract-Based Liniment in Mus musculus
Allium cepa L. (Bima Brebes variety) is a prolific source of quercetin-type flavonols and organosulfur compounds, recognized for their potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Topical herbal liniments offer a practical approach to manage localized inflammation while minimizing systemic exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a topical liniment formulated with a 70% ethanolic extract of A. cepa. LC–MS/MS (UHPLC Vanquish Tandem Q) had identified ten secondary metabolites putatively linked to anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was evaluated in vivo using a carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in male mice. Oedema inhibition was recorded at 18% in the negative control, 47% in the positive control, and 38%, 42%, and 44% for the 2 g, 3 g, and 5 g formulations, respectively. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences among groups (p = 0.001). These findings suggested that A. cepa-based liniment formulations may serve as promising candidates as natural topical anti-inflammatory agents.
Optimization of Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) Extraction Using Simplex-Centroid Design for Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Antioxidants
Coelogyne pandurata Lindl., a black orchid endemic to Kalimantan, contains valuable antioxidant compounds. This study optimized its extraction using a Simplex-Centroid Mixture Design with ethanol, methanol, and acetic acid as solvents. Responses evaluated were total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity (DPPH). The highest TPC was obtained with 100% ethanol (2.52 mg GAE/g), TFC with equal parts of all solvents (6.41 mg QE/g), and antioxidant activity with 100% methanol (10.33 µmol TE/g). Ethanol yielded the optimal extraction condition, with verification values of 2.27 mg GAE/g (TPC), 3.42 mg QE/g (TFC), and 10.22 µmol TE/g (DPPH), and a desirability of 0.739. Although regression models were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), the results provide preliminary insights into solvent efficiency for extracting bioactive compounds. Further studies with expanded experimental designs and validation are required to enhance model accuracy and extraction reliability.
Comparative Analysis of Total Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity in Medicinal Plant Leaf Extracts Using Ethanol and Citric Acid
Flavonoids are bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity, and their extraction efficiency is strongly influenced by solvent selection. This study compared total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts from Persea americana, Annona muricata, Piper betle, and Pandanus amaryllifolius obtained using ethanol and citric acid. Total flavonoid content was determined using the AlCl₃ spectrophotometric method with quercetin as the reference standard, while antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH assay. Ethanol generally yielded higher flavonoid levels, with the highest content observed in P. americana leaves (3.87 mg QE/g), whereas citric acid extracts exhibited stronger antioxidant activity, reaching 94.21% DPPH inhibition in P. betle leaves. No significant correlation was observed between total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Overall, these results indicated that solvent selection critically determines extraction outcomes, and citric acid represents a viable green alternative for antioxidant-oriented applications.
Molecular Docking of Active Compound of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) on α-Glucosidase as Antidibetic Mellitus Drug Candidate
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of death among degenerative diseases, primarily due to impaired insulin function that disrupts carbohydrate metabolism. One therapeutic strategy involves α-glucosidase inhibitors that delay glucose absorption. Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity, suggesting potential as α-glucosidase inhibitors. This study evaluated the inhibitory potential of okra-derived compounds against α-glucosidase using in silico molecular docking with PLANTS and YASARA Structure. The analysis included physicochemical screening, ligand–receptor preparation, and docking simulations, assessing docking score, Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and dissociation constant (Kd). Cannabiscitrin, a flavonoid from okra, demonstrated the strongest binding affinity, outperforming the reference drug acarbose in all parameters. These findings suggest its potential as an alternative antidiabetic agent.
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Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Muntingia calabura L. Leaf Extract in Anti-Acne Serum and Gel Moisturizer Formulations
The cherry tree (Muntingia calabura L.) is known to contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, which exhibit potential as natural antibacterial agents against acne-causing bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of serum and moisturizer gel formulations containing ethanol extract of M. calabura leaves against Propionibacterium acnes. Serum was selected due to its high concentration of active ingredients and superior skin penetration, while the gel moisturizer provides a light, non-greasy texture that is comfortable and easily absorbed. The results demonstrated that the serum formulation containing 18% extract (F3) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against P. acnes, with a strong inhibition zone. Similarly, the gel formulation with 6% extract (F3) also showed a strong inhibitory effect. These findings highlight the potential of M. calabura leaf extract as an effective natural agent for the development of topical anti-acne skincare products.
Cytotoxic Effect of Brazilin on DU145 Prostate Cancer Cells Using the WST-8 Assay
Prostate cancer is characterized by abnormal growth of prostate gland cells due to uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Brazilin, a homoisoflavonoid compound derived from Caesalpinia sappan L., is known for its anticancer activity. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of brazilin on DU145 prostate cancer cells through an in vitro assay employing the WST-8 method. The results showed that both brazilin and cisplatin significantly reduced the cancer cell survival rate compared to the negative control group (p < 0.05). Although no significant difference was observed between the two compounds at the highest concentration (ns), their IC₅₀ values differed significantly (p < 0.05), recorded at 18.92 ppm for brazilin and 0.03569 ppm for cisplatin; both were classified as highly active. These findings suggest that brazilin possesses cytotoxic potential comparable to cisplatin at elevated concentrations and may be developed further as a naturally derived anticancer agent.
Optimizing Ultrasonic Extraction of Enhalus acoroides to Enhance Physicochemical Traits and Antioxidant Activity
Enhalus acoroides is a seagrass species known for its antioxidant potential due to its flavonoid content, including quercetin. This study aimed to optimize the extraction time using the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method based on physicochemical parameters and antioxidant activity. The simplicia was extracted for 20, 30, and 40 minutes, each in triplicate, using 96% ethanol acidified with 1% HCl. The results demonstrated that extraction time significantly influenced the physicochemical properties, including yield (highest at 30 minutes: 40.2%), total phenolic content (1.153 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (0.318 mg QE/g), quercetin content (0.316 mg/g), and antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 58.44 ppm), whereas no significant effect was observed on total ash content. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. Based on these findings, a 30-minute extraction time is recommended as the optimal condition for obtaining E. acoroides extract with the highest antioxidant activity.
Specific and Non-Specific Safety Testing of Red Gedi Leaf Ethanol Extract (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik)
Red gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) are traditionally used for their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. This study aimed to characterize the specific and non-specific quality parameters of red gedi leaf ethanol extract based on Herbal Pharmacopoeia standards. Extraction was performed by maceration using 96% ethanol, yielding 6.72%. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, quinones, and steroids, with a high total flavonoid content of 56.97 ± 3.75 mg/g. Non-specific parameters, including water content, drying loss, ash values, microbial contamination, and heavy metal levels (Pb and Cd), complied with the required standards. Organoleptic evaluation showed a viscous extract with brownish color, slightly astringent taste, and characteristic odor. These results indicate that red gedi leaf ethanol extract meets Herbal Pharmacopoeia quality requirements and has potential for development as a standardized antioxidant herbal product.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Jackfruit Seed Extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) Against Salmonella typhi In Vitro
Salmonella typhi infection remains a public health concern, necessitating natural treatment alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and identify the active compounds of jackfruit seed (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) ethanol extract against S. typhi in vitro. Antibacterial activity was tested using the well diffusion method at extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, with chloramphenicol and 10% DMSO as positive and negative controls. All extract concentrations produced significant inhibition zones (mean: 19.83 mm to 31.42 mm; p<0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and saponins as the active compounds. Antibacterial efficacy increased with concentration and was comparable to chloramphenicol (mean: 33.49 mm). These results indicate that jackfruit seed extract holds promise as a natural antibacterial agent against S. typhi.
Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Properties in Bulb Fractions of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb
Eleutherine bulbosa is known to contain diverse secondary metabolites with pharmacological potential. This study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds in the ethanol, n-hexane, and unsaponified n-hexane fractions of E. bulbosa bulbs and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The bulbs were extracted using ethanol, followed by n-hexane fractionation and saponification. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay, and antibacterial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the disc diffusion method. LC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses identified compounds such as eleutherol, resveratrol, coniferaldehyde, and stigmasterol. The ethanol fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 47.54 ± 0.03 mg/L), while the unsaponified n-hexane fraction showed the strongest antibacterial effect (inhibition zone = 16.12 ± 0.16 mm). These findings confirm the potential of E. bulbosaas a natural source of antioxidant and antibacterial agents.
In Silico Evaluation of Flavonoids from Imperata cylindrica as Potential Antidiabetic Agents
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion and disrupted blood-glucose homeostasis. Novel therapies targeting the incretin system, such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, enhance insulin secretion, protect β-pancreatic cells, and restore glucose balance. Imperata cylindrica (reeds) has shown antidiabetic effects, including improved insulin release and reduced blood glucose, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated flavonoid compounds from I. cylindrica as potential DPP-4 inhibitors using molecular docking. The target protein (PDB: 6B1E) and drug-like flavonoids were evaluated via PyRx and visualized with Discovery Studio 2021. The results indicate that tricin binds strongly to DPP-4 (−8.4 kcal/mol) and forms stable interactions with residues ILEB102, ILEB76, and ILEB529. These findings suggest that tricin from I. cylindrica may inhibit DPP-4 and serve as a potential antidiabetic agent in silico.
Optimizing Curcumin SNEDDS via D-Optimal Design and Evaluating Wound Healing Efficacy in Wistar Rats
Curcumin, a bioactive compound extracted from turmeric, exhibits extensive pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities. Nevertheless, its clinical application is hindered by low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability. This study aimed to optimize a curcumin-loaded Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) using a D-Optimal experimental design to improve its solubility, stability, and therapeutic efficacy. The SNEDDS formulation was developed by varying the proportions of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. The optimized formulation demonstrated a particle size of 120 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 94.5%, significantly accelerating wound closure by 98% within 14 days in Wistar rats. These results highlight the potential of curcumin SNEDDS as an effective topical formulation for wound therapy.
Ethnopharmacological Study of Medicinal Plants Used by the Dayak Tunjung Benuaq Tribe in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Ethnopharmacology is a scientific approach used to document traditional knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants. The Dayak Tunjung Benuaq Tribe in Putak Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, continues to rely on herbal remedies for treating various ailments. This study aimed to identify plant species used, their therapeutic applications, and preparation methods. Data were collected through purposive and snowball sampling techniques, using semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable informants. Quantitative analysis was performed using Use Value (UV), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), and Fidelity Level (FL). A total of 31 species from 19 families were recorded, including Carica papaya, Zingiber officinale, Psidium guajava, and Eleutherine bulbosa. Leaves were the most commonly used plant part (58%), most often prepared by boiling (93.6%) and administered orally (93.6%). C. papaya had the highest UV (0.23), while seven disease categories, such as malaria, fever, and joint pain, achieved perfect consensus (ICF = 1.0). Several species, including E. bulbosa and Syzygium polyathum, reached 100% FL, reflecting strong cultural preference for specific treatments. These findings emphasize the significance of traditional knowledge within the community, the need for documentation and preservation, and the potential of these plants for future pharmacological exploration and biodiversity conservation.
In Silico Exploration of Orthosiphon stamineus Compounds as Potential Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for Hypertension Therapy
Orthosiphon stamineus has demonstrated antihypertensive potential, but the specific bioactive compounds involved remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate selected phytochemicals from O. stamineus as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) targeting protein 4ZUD using in-silico methods. Molecular docking was conducted to assess binding affinity, while ADMET analysis evaluated pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Salvianolic acid E showed the strongest binding affinity with a rerank score of −134.02 kcal/mol, surpassing olmesartan (−124.52 kcal/mol). Key interactions were observed with amino acid residues Arg167, Tyr92, and Asp281. ADMET predictions revealed that Salvianolic acid E has good aqueous solubility, moderate intestinal absorption (HIA 45.99%), and low membrane permeability (Caco-2 < 0.4). It does not inhibit major cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and is predicted to be non-hepatotoxic, suggesting favorable safety and metabolic profiles. These findings highlight Salvianolic acid E as a promising phytochemical candidate for antihypertensive drug development.
Cardioprotective Effects of Red Ginger Extracted Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent on Lipid Profile in Atherosclerotic Rats
Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, is closely related to dyslipidemia. This study evaluated the cardioprotective effects of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) extracted using a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) on lipid profiles and the risk of atherosclerosis in rats induced with an atherogenic diet and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: normal control, negative control, positive control (Simvastatin), and two treatment groups receiving red ginger extract at 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg body weight (BW). After 24 days of treatment, the 25 mg/kg BW dose significantly reduced total and LDL cholesterol while increasing HDL levels compared with the negative control (p < 0.05), showing comparable effects to Simvastatin. The 50 mg/kg BW dose did not significantly reduce total and LDL cholesterol but produced the highest HDL level. All treatment groups showed a significantly lower Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) than the negative control, with the lowest AIP in the 50 mg/kg BW group. These findings demonstrate the cardioprotective potential of red ginger extracted with NADES as a natural, environmentally friendly approach to preventing dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Optimization of Solvent Type on Antioxidant Activity of Spirulina platensis Extract and Its Pharmaceutical Tablet Formulation
Spirulina platensis contains nutrients such as proteins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, pigments, carotenoids, and vitamins, which have strong antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the impact of extraction solvents (70% methanol, 70% ethanol, and 70% acetone) on antioxidant activity, with the most effective extract formulated into tablets. Extraction was performed by maceration. Tablet preparations were characterized by moisture content, flow rate, angle of repose, organoleptic properties, weight uniformity, hardness, disintegration time, and friability. The results showed that the 70% methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 45.57 ± 0.01 ppm), superior to 70% acetone (IC₅₀ = 67.15 ± 0.07 ppm) and 70% ethanol (IC₅₀ = 85.32 ± 1.21 ppm), although lower than vitamin C (IC₅₀ = 3.52 ± 0.01 ppm). Tablets prepared from 70% methanol extract fulfilled all pharmaceutical quality requirements.
Hepatoprotective Potential of Schleichera oleosa Leaf Extract Against Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury in Rats
Schleichera oleosa L. is traditionally used in herbal medicine and has shown pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial effects. Its antioxidant capacity is attributed to polyphenols, which neutralize free radicals and contribute to liver protection. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of S. oleosa leaf extract against paracetamol-induced liver injury in rats. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method, yielding an IC₅₀ of 11.43 µg/mL, indicating strong activity. Rats were administered 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg body weight of extract, followed by 1000 mg/kg paracetamol to induce liver damage. SGOT and SGPT levels were significantly reduced in all extract groups compared to the negative control, with the 100 mg/kg dose being the most effective. However, curcumin showed superior protection. These results suggest that S. oleosa has hepatoprotective potential, but further studies are needed to confirm its long-term safety and efficacy.
Antibacterial Activity of 70% Ethanol Extract of Red Hanjuang (Cordyline fruticosa L.) Leaves Against Staphylococcus aureus
Productive cough is a common symptom of bacterial respiratory infections. Red hanjuang (Cordyline fruticosa L.) leaves have been traditionally used to relieve such conditions. This study aimed to standardize red hanjuang leaf plant material and evaluate the antibacterial activity of its 70% ethanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, quinones, steroids, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. Antibacterial activity was tested using the well diffusion method at concentrations of 10%, 25%, 35%, and 50%, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests ranging from 10% to 0.8%. Specific and non-specific standardization showed water-soluble extract at 34.593%, ethanol-soluble extract at 31.663%, moisture content at 4.67%, drying loss at 9.57%, total ash content at 7.70%, and acid-insoluble ash at 0.89%. The extract demonstrated strong antibacterial activity at all tested concentrations. The lowest active concentration was 10%, with an MIC value at 8%, forming an inhibition zone of 2.43 mm. These findings support the potential of red hanjuang leaves as an herbal antibacterial agent.
Formulation and Characterization of Peel-Off Gel Mask Containing Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Wood Extract with Strong Antioxidant Activity
Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) wood contains flavonoid compounds such as brazilin, 3'-O-methylbrazilin, sappanin chalcone, and sappan chalcone, which act as primary and secondary antioxidants. Antioxidants are substances that can inhibit oxidation reactions by neutralizing free radicals. Enhancing the antioxidant potential of C. sappan wood can be achieved by developing a topical dosage form. Peel-off gel masks are an ideal form due to their ability to improve skin health and provide ease and comfort in application. This study aimed to formulate a peel-off gel mask containing C. sappan extract and evaluate its physical properties and antioxidant activity. The formulations were prepared using 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% extract with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and propylene glycol as the base. The resulting masks were assessed for physical characteristics (pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and drying time) and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The results indicated that increasing the extract concentration significantly (p < 0.05) increased viscosity, adhesiveness, and drying time, while decreasing pH, spreadability, and IC₅₀ value. All formulations demonstrated strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ between 50–100 µg/mL), with IC₅₀ values of 88.71 µg/mL, 81.58 µg/mL, and 79.04 µg/mL, respectively.
Anti-Aging Efficacy of Averrhoa bilimbi Fruit Extract Cream: A Human Clinical Trial
Averrhoa bilimbi, a plant native to Indonesian, exhibits antioxidant, sunscreen, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities due to its polyphenol and flavonoid content. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-aging efficacy of a topical cream containing A. bilimbi fruit extract through a human clinical trial. The extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol and formulated into a water-in-oil (W/O) cream at concentrations of 1% (F1), 3% (F2), and 5% (F3). Each formulation was evaluated for its physical characteristics, including organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, and viscosity. Irritation tests were conducted on animals and human volunteers. A total of 24 human subjects applied the cream for 30 days. Skin condition parameters—sebum, moisture, pigmentation, pore size, elasticity, and collagen fibers—were assessed before and after treatment using a skin analyzer. The results showed that the F3 formulation produced the most notable improvements, including increased skin moisture and elasticity, and decreased pigmentation and pore size. Statistical analysis revealed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in pore size and elasticity for the F3 group. These findings indicate that the 5% A. bilimbi extract cream is a safe and effective anti-aging topical formulation.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Ipomoea batatas Leaves Ethanolic Extract Tablet with Variation of Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Amylum Binders
Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) leaves are traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory remedy. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of purple sweet potato leaf ethanolic extract and its formulation into tablet dosage forms with varying concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone and amylum as binders. The extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol and tested for anti-inflammatory activity using the bovine serum albumin denaturation method. The extract showed strong anti-inflammatory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 62.628 ppm compared to sodium diclofenac with an IC₅₀ of 57.326 ppm. The extract was then formulated into tablets with binder ratios of 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 2:3, and 1:4 (polyvinylpyrrolidone: amylum) using wet granulation. Evaluation of physical properties indicated that the 1:1 binder ratio produced tablets that met quality requirements, including hardness, friability, and disintegration time. These results suggest that I. batatas leaf extract has potent anti-inflammatory properties and is suitable for development into a tablet formulation with appropriate binder ratios.
Molecular Insights into the Therapeutic Potential of Curcuma amada Rhizome: A Network Pharmacology and Docking Approach
The rhizome of Curcuma amada (ginger mango) has traditionally been used for various medicinal purposes. However, its molecular targets and mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. This study aimed to predict the potential bioactive compounds and target proteins of C. amada using network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches. A total of 110 compounds were identified, and their predicted targets were analyzed through a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, enrichment, and disease analysis. Key targets include phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PIK3CA) and tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 (JAK2), both of which are closely related to cancer-related pathways. Four compounds, β-eudesmol, (E,Z)-farnesol, spathulenol, and τ-muurolol, were selected for molecular docking studies. Validation of the docking protocol through re-docking showed low RMSD values ​​(0.667 Å for PIK3CA and 0.474 Å for JAK2), confirming the reliability of the method. The docking results demonstrated that the native ligands and selected compounds formed multiple hydrogen bonds and extensive hydrophobic interactions with key residues in the active site. Notably, most of the interactions were hydrophobic, which is consistent with the volatile nature of the ligands. The binding affinity was below –5 kcal/mol for all tested compounds. These findings suggest that C. amada rhizomes contain bioactive compounds capable of modulating cancer-related targets, thus providing a molecular basis for their potential therapeutic effects.
Puji dan syukur kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan hidayahNya, Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Volume 5 No 3 tahun 2020 dapat diterbitkan. Jurnal Jamu Indonesia merupakan media untuk diseminasi hasil penelitian yang berkaitan dengan jamu di Indonesia. Jamu telah dikenal lama penduduk Indonesia sebagai salah satu pengobatan. Berbagai tanaman di Indonesia sangat berpotensi sebagai jamu. Penelitian tanaman obat dari bagian daun, batang, dan rimpang tanaman telah banyak dilakukan dan terus berkembang. Terdapat 5 artikel yang termasuk dalam original artikel yang diterbitkan pada Volume 5 No. 3 Tahun 2020. Artikel pertama memberikan informasi terkait dengan hasil isolasi dan indentifikasi senyawa aktif yang berkhasiat sebagai antikanker payudara pada Dendrophthoe praelonga (Blume) Miq. Potensi antialergi dari ekstrak buah stroberi yang dibuktikan melalui pengujian secara in vivo pada hewan model mencit jantan merupakan artikel ke-dua. Artikel ke-tiga juga melakukan kajian in vivo yaitu potensi khasiat ektrak etanol rumput laut untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan sebagai anti-obesitas yang diuji pada hewan model tikus putih jantan. Artikel ke-empat memberikan informasi tentang profil produk jamu industri mikro, kecil dan menengah yang banyak beredar di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Analisis in silico senyawa analog kurkumin dengan khasiatnya sebagai antivirus merupakan artikel ke-lima. Redaksi mengucapkan terima kasih kepada seluruh penulis atas partisipasinya dalam berbagi hasil penelitiannya melalui publikasi di Jurnal Jamu Indonesia. Redaksi juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada seluruh reviewer atas partisipasinya dalam meningkatkan kualitas tulisan naskah jurnal di edisi ini. Semua hasil karya tersebut akan diarsipkan sebagai dokumentasi berharga demi terjaganya informasi yang dapat menjadi sumber pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di masa depan. Kontribusi publikasi peneliti-peneliti dan pejuang Jamu Indonesia terus kami harapkan untuk dapat disampaikan di dalam Jurnal Jamu Indonesia ini. Peningkatan kontribusi jumlah dan kualitas tulisan yang telah dan akan dimasukkan akan dapat membantu pengembangan jurnal ini, dan pada saatnya diharapkan juga dapat menjadikan Jurnal Jamu Indonesia menjadi referensi baik secara nasional, maupun internasional. November 2020 Waras Nurcholis Wakil Dewan Redaksi
Puji dan syukur kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan hidayahNya, Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Volume 6 No 1 tahun 2021 dapat diterbitkan. Jurnal Jamu Indonesia merupakan media untuk diseminasi hasil penelitian yang berkaitan dengan jamu di Indonesia. Jamu telah dikenal lama penduduk Indonesia sebagai salah satu pengobatan. Berbagai tanaman di Indonesia sangat berpotensi sebagai jamu. Penelitian tanaman obat dari bagian daun, batang, dan rimpang tanaman telah banyak dilakukan dan terus berkembang. Jurnal Jamu Indonesia pada Volume 6 No 1 Tahun 2021 terdiri atas 5 naskah yang termasuk ke dalam original artikel. Artikel pertama terkait aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi hem dan skrining fitokimia dari fraksi etil asetat batang manuran (Coptosapelta tomentosa Valeton ex K. Heyne). Artikel ke-dua mengkaji tinjauan etnomedisin oleh peramu jamu Jawa di Yogyakarta pada jamu kunir asam. Artikel ke-tiga terkait dengan pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap produktivitas piperin dari buah cabe jawa dan lada hitam. Artikel ke-empat melakukan kajian tentang penapisan fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan terhadap hasil perasan lengkuas merah dan lengkuas putih. Preparasi gelatin sapi berbasis tulang femur untuk aplikasi cangkang kapsul obat herbal melalui hidrolisis asam dan karakterisasinya merupakan artikel ke-lima. Redaksi mengucapkan terima kasih kepada seluruh penulis atas partisipasinya dalam berbagi hasil penelitiannya melalui publikasi di Jurnal Jamu Indonesia. Redaksi juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada seluruh reviewer atas partisipasinya dalam meningkatkan kualitas tulisan naskah jurnal di edisi ini. Semua hasil karya tersebut akan diarsipkan sebagai dokumentasi berharga demi terjaganya informasi yang dapat menjadi sumber pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di masa depan. Kontribusi publikasi peneliti-peneliti dan pejuang Jamu Indonesia terus kami harapkan untuk dapat disampaikan di dalam Jurnal Jamu Indonesia ini. Peningkatan kontribusi jumlah dan kualitas tulisan yang telah dan akan dimasukkan akan dapat membantu pengembangan jurnal ini, dan pada saatnya diharapkan juga dapat menjadikan Jurnal Jamu Indonesia menjadi referensi baik secara nasional, maupun internasional. Maret 2021 Waras Nurcholis Wakil Ketua Dewan Redaksi
Puji dan syukur kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan hidayahNya, Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Volume 6 No 2 tahun 2021 dapat diterbitkan. Jurnal Jamu Indonesia merupakan media untuk diseminasi hasil penelitian yang berkaitan dengan jamu di Indonesia. Jamu telah dikenal lama penduduk Indonesia sebagai salah satu pengobatan. Berbagai tanaman di Indonesia sangat berpotensi sebagai jamu. Penelitian tanaman obat dari bagian daun, batang, dan rimpang tanaman telah banyak dilakukan dan terus berkembang. Jurnal Jamu Indonesia pada Volume 6 No 2 Tahun 2021 terdiri atas 5 naskah. Artikel pertama memberikan informasi kajian penggunaan obat tradisional atau herbal di daerah Baturraden, Jawa Tengah. Kandungan flavonoid dievaluasi dari ekstrak etanol daun Sauropus androgynus yang ditanam dari lokasi yang berbeda ketinggian merupakan artikel ke-dua. Artikel ke-tiga merupakan kajian fitokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak aseton tumbuhan secang. Krim tabir surya dari ekstrak temulawak yang dianalisis khasiat antioksidan merupakan artikel ke-empat. Sementara artikel ke-lima mengkaji ekstrak etanol daun binahong dan fraksinya sebagai antibakteri dan identifikasi fitokimianya. Redaksi mengucapkan terima kasih kepada seluruh penulis atas partisipasinya dalam berbagi hasil penelitiannya melalui publikasi di Jurnal Jamu Indonesia. Redaksi juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada seluruh reviewer atas partisipasinya dalam meningkatkan kualitas tulisan naskah jurnal di edisi ini. Semua hasil karya tersebut akan diarsipkan sebagai dokumentasi berharga demi terjaganya informasi yang dapat menjadi sumber pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di masa depan. Kontribusi publikasi peneliti-peneliti dan pejuang Jamu Indonesia terus kami harapkan untuk dapat disampaikan di dalam Jurnal Jamu Indonesia ini. Peningkatan kontribusi jumlah dan kualitas tulisan yang telah dan akan dimasukkan akan dapat membantu pengembangan jurnal ini, dan pada saatnya diharapkan juga dapat menjadikan Jurnal Jamu Indonesia menjadi referensi baik secara nasional, maupun internasional. Juni 2021 Waras Nurcholis Wakil Ketua Dewan Redaksi
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Virtual Screening of Flavonoid Compounds as Potential Antibiofilm Agents Targeting Glucosyltransferase
Dental caries are caused by plaque formation resulting from biofilm accumulation on tooth surfaces. The bacterium Streptococcus mutans plays a crucial role in biofilm formation, partly through the production of glucosyltransferase, which catalyzes biofilm synthesis. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites commonly found in plants, known for diverse biological properties, including antibiofilm effects. This study aimed to screen the potential of flavonoid compounds as antibiofilm agents through inhibition of glucosyltransferase using an in-silico approach. A total of 87 flavonoid compounds obtained from the ZINC database were evaluated via molecular docking methods. Screening results based on binding free energy (ΔG) values, analyzed using the PyRX-Virtual Screening Tool, indicated that 36 compounds had potential to inhibit glucosyltransferase. Further molecular docking using AutoDock Vina identified nine compounds with ΔG values more favorable than the natural ligand of glucosyltransferase (maltose). Molecular interaction analysis using LigPlot+ and PyMOL revealed that taxifolin, gallocatechin, and sakuranetin interacted with three catalytic residues of the enzyme, whereas the remaining six compounds interacted with two catalytic residues. Liquiritigenin exhibited the lowest ΔG (-7.0 kcal/mol) and an inhibition constant (Ki) of 7.39 µM, indicating high affinity for glucosyltransferase. This compound formed two hydrogen bonds and four hydrophobic interactions, engaging two catalytic residues of the enzyme, Asn481 and Trp517. These findings highlight the potential of flavonoids as antibiofilm agents via glucosyltransferase inhibition. Further experimental validation through in vitro studies is necessary to confirm these in-silico findings.