Jurnal Jamu Indonesia

Effect of Starfruit Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn) Using a Combination of Water, Acetone, and Methanol Solvents on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity

2024-06-28T10:47:24+07:00

Starfruit leaves, which belong to the Averrhoa family and contain tannin, saponin, flavonoid, and terpenoid compounds, have been widely used in traditional medicine due to their pharmacological benefits. This study aims to investigate the effect of solvent maceration on the extraction of total phenolics from starfruit leaves and to evaluate their antioxidant activity capacity. The study utilized Wuluh starf leaves obtained from Biofarmaka IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia, in February 023. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant tests, such as ABTS and FRAP, were influenced by the maceration stage using solvents, such as a combination of water, ethanol, and methanol. The Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and sodium carbonate were used to determine the total phenolic content, and antioxidant tests, such as the reaction with radical cations (ABTS) and the antioxidant reaction with reduction of ferri-trpyridytriazine (FRAP), were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity capacity. The results indicate that extraction with 100% acetone solvent has the FRAP method's highest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, with 10.6325 mg GAE/g DW and 34.26641 ± 1.82 µmol TE/g DW, respectively. On the other hand, the 50:50 ethanol:acetone solvent had the highest antioxidant activity using the ABTS method, with 100.31 ± 4.80 µmol TE/g DW. The TPC-FRAP standard curve shows a positive correlation with R2 = 0.9388, while the TPC-ABTS and FRAP-ABTS standard curves do not significant correlation with the R2 values of -0.09045 and 0.08038, respectively.

Optimization of Extraction Solvent for Analysis of Total Phenolic and Antioxidant Activity of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava) using Simplex Centroid Design

2024-06-28T11:32:13+07:00

Guava (Psidium guajava) is a popular tropical plant widely used as processed food and medicine for various diseases. This plant contains highly bioactive compounds like quercetin, flavonoids, and ferulic acid. The bioactive content can be influenced by the extraction method. However, the solvent used for extraction can also affect the bioactive content. Therefore, this study aims to determine the best solvent or combination of extraction solvents to extract guava leaves based on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity using simplex centroid design (SCD). This research used guava leaf samples with various solvent combinations of water, ethanol, and acetone. The determination of phenolic content was determined using the TPC method, while the determination of antioxidants was conducted using the FRAP and ABTS methods. The research results showed that the highest TPC levels were produced by the solvent water : ethanol : acetone. Then the highest levels of FRAP and ABTS antioxidants were produced by the water: ethanol solvent. The solvent optimization solution obtained was using water: ethanol: acetone with a ratio of 0.462:0.436:0.102, respectively.

Correlation between Time Variation of Steam Distillation of Temu Hitam’s Rhizomes (Curcuma aeruginosa) and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil

2024-06-28T11:46:35+07:00

Distillation time can affect the extraction of essential oils such as the rhizome of temu hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa) which has been shown to have antibacterial activity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimum distillation time to produce temu hitam rhizome oil with the strongest antibacterial activity. The rhizomes of temu hitam were steam distilled with different length of time every 30 minutes for 4 hours to obtain essential oil and determined the compounds contained in them using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion against Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The most dominant compounds present in essential oils are eucalyptol (34.89%), epicurzerenone (20.58%), and camphor (16.90%) based on the average peak of the total distillation time. The strongest antibacterial potency was obtained in the first 30 minutes of distillation for S. mutans and E. coli, and in the seventh 30 minutes of distillation for S. aureus.

Fingerprints, Antioxidant Activity, and Anti-Tyrosinase of Fungus Comb Extract

2024-06-28T12:07:50+07:00

Fungus comb is a structure made by termite colony Macrotermitinae with lots of potential because it contains secondary metabolites such as steroids, terpenoids, and saponins and compounds containing antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase properties. This study aimed to determine fungus comb extracts' fingerprint pattern, antioxidant capacity, and anti-tyrosinase activity. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to determine fingerprint patterns. The resulting TLC pattern was processed with ImageJ and converted into a densitogram. The fungus comb was extracted with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. TLC results showed that fungus comb extracts contain steroids and terpenoids and have antioxidant properties. The antioxidant capacity assay was carried out with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent. N-hexane extract had an antioxidant capacity value of 9.07 mg ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/g extract, while ethyl acetate extract had 6.04 mg AAE/g extract. Anti-tyrosinase activity assay was carried out with L-tyrosine and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as substrates. N-hexane extract had a better anti-tyrosinase activity with IC50 of 1804 µg/mL for L-tyrosine and 6784 µg/mL for L-DOPA.

Exploration of Wedelia trilobata, Acmella paniculata, Ageratum conyzoides, and Crassocephalum crepidiodes as Antibacterial Plants

2024-06-28T13:06:28+07:00

Some Asteraceae plants are reported to contain phytochemicals and to show high antibacterial activity. This study aims to determine the highest antibacterial activity of Wedelia trilobata, Acmella paniculata, Ageratum conyzoides, and Crassocephalum crepidiodes and to predict the chemical compounds that have a role as antibacterial. The samples were extracted with water and further fractionated using chloroform in the laboratory. Extracts determined the phytochemical compounds, antibacterial activity diffusion method, and compounds that have a role as antibacterial through literature review. Acmella paniculata demonstrated high antibacterial activities with the highest diameter of the zones of inhibition with a concentration of just 0.5 mg/disc. The compound that seems to have a role in antibacterial activity is spilanthol.